The boiler comprises a boiler body and auxiliary equipment two most. Boiler furnace, boiler, burner, water cooled wall superheater, economizer, air preheater, framework and furnace wall composed of main parts the production of steam core portion, known as the boiler body. The main body of the boiler two main components are furnace and boiler drum.

Drum is a natural cycle and repeatedly forced circulation boiler, economizer to receive water, connecting loop, and to the superheater conveying saturated steam cylinder shaped container. Drum simplified by thick steel plate is made of high quality, most of the components of the boiler.

Drum is the main function of water storage, separation, running in the exclusion of pot water salt and mud, avoid contains a high concentration of salt and impurity in the water with the steam into the superheater and steam turbine in.

Drum internal device includes a steam-water separation and steam cleaning device, water distribution pipe, sewage and chemical dosing equipment. The steam-water separation device is from the wall to the saturated steam and water are separated, and minimize steam carrying of small water droplets. In general, low pressure boiler baffle baffle and gap as coarse separation element; medium voltage above the boiler in addition to widely use a variety of types of cyclone separator for coarse separation, with shutters, a steel wire mesh or are steam plate for further separation. The boiler barrel is also provided with a water level gauge, a safety valve monitoring and protection facilities.

The furnace is also called the combustion chamber for combustion of the fuel, is the space. The solid fuel on the fire grate, conduct fire bed burning furnace called layer combustion furnace, also known as the fire bed boiler; the liquid, gas or powdered solid fuel sprayed into the chamber, combustion chamber called the chamber combustion furnace, also known as the chamber furnace; air to coal particle up to the shape of a boiling state combustion, and is suitable for burning inferior fuel furnace called a boiling furnace, also known as the fluidized bed furnace to make the coal particle; using air flow rotating speed, and strong fire cylindrical furnace called the cyclone furnace.

The design needs to consider use of fuel properties. Every boiler shall be as far as possible with the original design of the fuel. Burning characteristics of different fuel boiler operation economy and reliability are likely to reduce.

In order to assess performance and improved design, often through the boiler thermal balance test. Directly from the efficient use of energy to calculate the thermal efficiency of the boiler is called positive balance, from a variety of heat loss to calculate efficiency of the method is called reverse balance. Considering the actual efficiency of boiler room, not only depends on the thermal efficiency of the boiler, even plan and auxiliary boiler energy consumption.

Per unit of mass or volume unit for complete combustion of the fuel, according to the chemical reaction to calculate the air demand called theoretical air amount. In order to make the fuel in the hearth and have more opportunities to contact with oxygen and combustion, the actual amount of air into the furnace is always greater than theoretical air amount. Although many into the air can reduce the heat loss due to incomplete combustion, and exhaust gas heat loss will increase, but also aggravate the sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides generated corrosion. Therefore should improve combustion technology, strive to minimize the excess air coefficient to within the combustion chamber completely.

Boiler flue gas dust contained in ( including fly ash and carbon black ), sulfur and nitrogen oxides are atmospheric pollution material, without purification when its emissions targets can reach regulations on environmental protection index several times to several times. Control of these substances emissions combustion before processing, improved combustion technology, dust removal, desulfurization and denitration. By means of high chimney chimney can reduce the concentration of pollutants in atmosphere near area.

Flue gas dust removal by use of the force of gravity, centrifugal force, the inertia force and the wave, electrostatic adhesion. For coarse particles is a gravity sedimentation and inertia separation, high capacity often uses centrifugal force to separate dust electrostatic precipitator and bag filter has the advantages of high dust removal efficiency. Wet and Venturi water film dust removal device in the water water film adhesion of fly ash, dust removal efficiency is very high still can absorb the gaseous pollutants.